本文旨在提供一份详细的教程，指导开发者如何使用php curl正确集成walmart退货api。我们将涵盖api认证流程、access Token的获取、退货api的调用方法，并重点强调`wm_qos.correlation_id`必须为guid格式，同时优化代码示例，帮助开发者规避常见错误，确保api请求的成功执行。
在与Walmart Marketplace API进行交互时，无论是获取access Token还是调用具体的业务接口，如退货API，都必须遵循严格的认证和请求头规范。本教程将详细阐述如何通过php curl实现这一过程，并纠正常见错误。
1. Walmart API认证流程概览
Walmart API采用OAuth 2.0的Client Credentials授权模式来获取Access Token。此Token是后续所有api调用的凭证。基本流程如下：
- 获取Client ID和Secret Key：在Walmart开发者门户注册应用程序后获得。
- 通过Basic认证请求Access Token：使用Client ID和Secret Key进行Basic认证，向Token端点发送POST请求。
- 使用Access Token调用业务API：将获取到的Access Token作为WM_SEC.ACCESS_TOKEN请求头的值，用于后续的API调用。
2. 获取Access Token
获取Access Token是调用任何Walmart业务API的第一步。
2.1 请求参数与请求头
- Endpoint URL: https://marketplace.walmartapis.com/v3/token
- 请求方法: POST
- 请求体: grant_type=client_credentials (Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded)
- 关键请求头:
- Authorization: Basic + base64_encode(CLIENT_ID:SECRET_KEY)
- WM_SVC.NAME: Walmart Marketplace
- WM_QOS.CORRELATION_ID: 必须是GUID (UUID v4) 格式。这是非常关键的一点，错误的格式会导致INVALID_REQUEST等错误。
- Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
2.2 GUID生成函数
由于WM_QOS.CORRELATION_ID要求GUID格式，我们可以编写一个简单的php函数来生成它：
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<?php function generateGuidV4() { // Generate 16 bytes (128 bits) of random data $data = random_bytes(16); // Set version to 0100 (4) $data[6] = chr(ord($data[6]) & 0x0f | 0x40); // Set bits 6-7 of clock sequence to 10 $data[8] = chr(ord($data[8]) & 0x3f | 0x80); // Output the 36 character UUID. return vsprintf('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', str_split(bin2hex($data), 4)); } ?>2.3 PHP cURL获取Access Token示例
<?php // 假设您的CLIENT_ID和SECRET_KEY已定义 define('CLIENT_ID', 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID'); define('SECRET_KEY', 'YOUR_SECRET_KEY'); // GUID生成函数（同上） function generateGuidV4() { $data = random_bytes(16); $data[6] = chr(ord($data[6]) & 0x0f | 0x40); $data[8] = chr(ord($data[8]) & 0x3f | 0x80); return vsprintf('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', str_split(bin2hex($data), 4)); } $getTokenUrl = 'https://marketplace.walmartapis.com/v3/token'; $authorization_key = base64_encode(CLIENT_ID . ":" . SECRET_KEY); $correlation_id = generateGuidV4(); // 使用GUID $tokenHeaders = array( 'Authorization: Basic ' . $authorization_key, 'WM_SVC.NAME: Walmart Marketplace', 'WM_QOS.CORRELATION_ID: ' . $correlation_id, 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' ); $postFields = 'grant_type=client_credentials'; $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt_array($ch, array( CURLOPT_URL => $getTokenUrl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true, CURLOPT_POST => true, // 明确指定POST请求 CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => $postFields, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $tokenHeaders, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 30, // 设置超时时间 CURLOPT_ssl_VERIFYPEER => true, // 生产环境建议开启SSL验证 CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST => 2, )); $response = curl_exec($ch); $httpCode = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE); $error = curl_error($ch); curl_close($ch); if ($error) { echo "cURL Error: " . $error . "n"; exit; } if ($httpCode !== 200) { echo "Failed to get Access Token. HTTP Code: " . $httpCode . "n"; echo "Response: " . $response . "n"; exit; } $tokenData = json_decode($response, true); if (isset($tokenData['access_token'])) { $accessToken = $tokenData['access_token']; echo "Access Token: " . $accessToken . "n"; // 存储或使用 $accessToken } else { echo "Failed to parse Access Token from response.n"; echo "Response: " . $response . "n"; } ?>注意事项：
3. 调用Walmart退货API
获取到Access Token后，即可用于调用Walmart的退货API。
3.1 请求参数与请求头
- Endpoint URL: https://marketplace.walmartapis.com/v3/returns
- 请求方法: GET
- 查询参数: 根据需要可以添加过滤条件，例如?status=Return_Created或?createdStartDate=YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ。
- 关键请求头:
3.2 PHP cURL调用退货API示例
<?php // 假设 $accessToken 已经从上一步获取到 // $accessToken = "YOUR_OBTAINED_ACCESS_TOKEN"; // 再次生成一个GUID用于本次API调用 $correlation_id_returns = generateGuidV4(); $returnsUrl = 'https://marketplace.walmartapis.com/v3/returns'; // 示例：获取所有退货，或添加查询参数 // $returnsUrl = 'https://marketplace.walmartapis.com/v3/returns?status=Return_Created&createdStartDate=2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'; $returnsHeaders = array( 'WM_SEC.ACCESS_TOKEN: ' . $accessToken, 'WM_QOS.CORRELATION_ID: ' . $correlation_id_returns, 'WM_SVC.NAME: Walmart Marketplace', 'Content-Type: application/xml', // 根据API文档指定 // 'Accept: application/xml' // 明确指定期望的响应格式 ); $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt_array($ch, array( CURLOPT_URL => $returnsUrl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST => 'GET', // 明确指定GET请求 CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $returnsHeaders, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 30, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => true, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST => 2, )); $response = curl_exec($ch); $httpCode = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE); $error = curl_error($ch); curl_close($ch); if ($error) { echo "cURL Error calling Returns API: " . $error . "n"; exit; } if ($httpCode !== 200) { echo "Failed to get Returns data. HTTP Code: " . $httpCode . "n"; echo "Response: " . $response . "n"; exit; } echo "Returns API Response:n"; echo $response . "n"; // 根据响应的Content-Type进行解析，例如XML或JSON // if (strpos($returnsHeaders[3], 'application/xml') !== false) { // $xml = simplexml_load_string($response); // print_r($xml); // } else if (strpos($returnsHeaders[3], 'application/json') !== false) { // $json = json_decode($response, true); // print_r($json); // } ?>4. 常见错误与调试技巧
- INVALID_REQUEST.gmp_ORDER_API requestParam 或 Request invalid.:
- 最常见的原因是WM_QOS.CORRELATION_ID格式不正确。请确保其为GUID (UUID v4) 格式。
- 检查其他请求头或请求体是否符合API文档要求。
- Could not find acceptable representation:
- 通常与Accept或Content-Type请求头有关。确保您指定的或默认的请求/响应格式（如application/xml或application/json）是API支持的。
- Access Token过期:
- 如果收到认证失败的错误，请检查您的Access Token是否仍然有效。建议在每次API调用前检查Token的有效期，或实现Token刷新机制。
- 日志记录:
- 在开发和生产环境中，详细记录cURL请求的URL、请求头、请求体、响应状态码和响应体，对于调试至关重要。
5. 完整PHP cURL示例代码（整合优化）
以下是一个将获取Access Token和调用退货API整合在一起的优化示例，包括错误处理和GUID生成。
<?php // 定义您的API凭证 define('CLIENT_ID', 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID'); define('SECRET_KEY', 'YOUR_SECRET_KEY'); /** * 生成UUID v4 (GUID) * @return string */ function generateGuidV4() { $data = random_bytes(16); $data[6] = chr(ord($data[6]) & 0x0f | 0x40); // set version to 0100 $data[8] = chr(ord($data[8]) & 0x3f | 0x80); // set bits 6-7 of clock sequence to 10 return vsprintf('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', str_split(bin2hex($data), 4)); } /** * 获取Walmart Access Token * @return string|false Access Token或false（如果失败） */ function getWalmartAccessToken() { $getTokenUrl = 'https://marketplace.walmartapis.com/v3/token'; $authorization_key = base64_encode(CLIENT_ID . ":" . SECRET_KEY); $correlation_id = generateGuidV4(); // 使用GUID $tokenHeaders = array( 'Authorization: Basic ' . $authorization_key, 'WM_SVC.NAME: Walmart Marketplace', 'WM_QOS.CORRELATION_ID: ' . $correlation_id, 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' ); $postFields = 'grant_type=client_credentials'; $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt_array($ch, array( CURLOPT_URL => $getTokenUrl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true, CURLOPT_POST => true, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => $postFields, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $tokenHeaders, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 30, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => true, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST => 2, )); $response = curl_exec($ch); $httpCode = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE); $error = curl_error($ch); curl_close($ch); if ($error) { error_log("Walmart Access Token cURL Error: " . $error); return false; } if ($httpCode !== 200) { error_log("Failed to get Access Token. HTTP Code: " . $httpCode . ", Response: " . $response); return false; } $tokenData = json_decode($response, true); if (isset($tokenData['access_token'])) { return $tokenData['access_token']; } else { error_log("Failed to parse Access Token from response: " . $response); return false; } } /** * 调用Walmart退货API * @param string $accessToken 有效的Access Token * @param array $queryParams 查询参数，如 ['status' => 'Return_Created'] * @return string|false API响应或false（如果失败） */ function callWalmartReturnsApi($accessToken, $queryParams = []) { $returnsUrl = 'https://marketplace.walmartapis.com/v3/returns'; if (!empty($queryParams)) { $returnsUrl .= '?' . http_build_query($queryParams); } $correlation_id = generateGuidV4(); // 为本次API调用生成新的GUID $returnsHeaders = array( 'WM_SEC.ACCESS_TOKEN: ' . $accessToken, 'WM_QOS.CORRELATION_ID: ' . $correlation_id, 'WM_SVC.NAME: Walmart Marketplace', 'Content-Type: application/xml', // 假设API响应XML 'Accept: application/xml' // 明确期望XML响应 ); $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt_array($ch, array( CURLOPT_URL => $returnsUrl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST => 'GET', CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $returnsHeaders, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 30, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => true, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST => 2, )); $response = curl_exec($ch); $httpCode = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE); $error = curl_error($ch); curl_close($ch); if ($error) { error_log("Walmart Returns API cURL Error: " . $error); return false; } if ($httpCode !== 200) { error_log("Failed to call Returns API. HTTP Code: " . $httpCode . ", Response: " . $response); return false; } return $response; } // --- 实际调用示例 --- echo "Attempting to get Walmart Access Token...n"; $accessToken = getWalmartAccessToken(); if ($accessToken) { echo "Access Token obtained successfully.n"; echo "Attempting to call Walmart Returns API...n"; // 示例查询参数：获取状态为'Return_Created'的退货 $queryParams = [ 'status' => 'Return_Created', // 'createdStartDate' => '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z', // 'createdEndDate' => '2023-12-31T23:59:59Z', ]; $returnsData = callWalmartReturnsApi($accessToken, $queryParams); if ($returnsData) { echo "Walmart Returns API Response:n"; // 打印响应内容，可能需要进一步解析XML echo htmlspecialchars($returnsData) . "n"; } else { echo "Failed to retrieve Walmart Returns data.n"; } } else { echo "Failed to obtain Walmart Access Token. Aborting Returns API call.n"; } ?>总结
正确调用Walmart退货API需要严格遵循其认证流程和请求头规范。尤其重要的是，WM_QOS.CORRELATION_ID必须使用GUID (UUID v4) 格式，而非简单的MD5哈希。通过本文提供的PHP cURL示例和详细说明，开发者可以更清晰地理解并实现Walmart API的集成，有效避免常见的认证和请求错误，从而顺利获取所需的退货数据。在实际开发中，请务必参考Walmart官方API文档以获取最新和最准确的接口细节。